Symbols & Traditions of Yule
The Yule Tree originally represented the Tree of Life (or the World Tree) to early pagans. It was decorated with natural ornaments such as pine cones and fruit, and some culture later strung garlands of berries or popcorn so birds and wildlife could feast when visiting the tree.
Evergreens symbolize life and renewal. They were believed to hold a special power over death’s grip because they don’t lose their green or drop the leaves as the deciduous trees do every winter.
Holly symbolizes everlasting life and was believed to ward off evil spirits. The leaves represent hope, the berries fertility. It was often used to decorate the doors, windows, and fireplace.
Mistletoe represents vitality, romance, and fertility, but the Celtic Druids had valued mistletoe for its healing properties and can likely be credited as one of the first to use it as a decoration. The berries ripens in December, and the plant’s evergreen leaves made it an appealing symbol of wintertime. The origin of the “kissing under the mistletoe” is uncertain, but it’s believed that the ancient Greeks may have started the tradition as part of their winter holiday Kronia (Saturnalia for the Romans).
The Yule log was said to purify and protect the home from evil spirits. Traditionally, ash was the wood used. The log should either be received as a gift or harvested from the homeowner’s land—it must never have been purchased. The Yule log would be adorned with seasonal greenery such as holly or pine springs, then doused with cider or ale and dusted with flour before being set ablaze with a piece of last year’s Yule log, which had been saved to continue the tradition. Some pagans allowed the log to be burned for twelve days before ceremoniously extinguishing it. Others allowed it to burn until it naturally burned itself out; the longer the Yule log burned, the sooner the sun was said to come.
Candles symbolize the light and warmth of the sun.
Wreaths represent the Wheel of the Year and the natural cycle of life and rebirth, which is why they were traditionally made with evergreens. They were also gifted to loved ones as a symbol of friendship and good will.
Bells were rung during the winter solstice to herald in the light half of the year. For some, the bells were also said to drive away the demons that prowled during the dark time of the year.
Spiced cider, oftentimes made with fruit. Sometimes ale and honey are added. When the Yule log was harvested, people would anoint the tree with cider and toast to a good upcoming harvest.